The urban planning ideas of King Charles – which once saw him battling with the architectural establishment – are helping to inspire the next generation of new towns in England, imminently expected to be announced by the government.

The housing ministry’s head of placemaking, Biljana Savic, told a King’s Foundation event about plans for new towns that share much in common with the King’s traditional town-building philosophy.

The 12 new towns will be walkable and environmentally friendly, with “gentle density” such as “terraced housing and mansion blocks” rather than high-rise.

TV architect George Clarke says the King’s views on buildings have now become part of the mainstream.

“He was absolutely slammed down by the architectural establishment,” said Clarke of the King’s attacks on some modern design plans, such as in 1984 calling a proposed extension to the National Gallery a “monstrous carbuncle”.

But Clarke says there has been a sea-change and younger architects are much more empathetic about producing buildings that are sensitive to the local place and the likes and dislikes of the public.

“Let’s be honest, the enormous mass of 1960s brutalism was devastating for parts of Britain,” said the TV presenter.

“Too many modern designs had been ‘ego-driven’ and the architectural arrogance was off the scale,” he said.

Clarke now warns that too many people are having to “mortgage themselves up to the hilt” for homes on new estates that are not always well built and with poor access to local services.

“I would live in one of the King’s houses on one of his estates, which are really well designed, traditional pieces of architecture, sustainably done, high quality windows, with beautiful public spaces, places for kids to play, pedestrianised areas, village greens,” said Clarke.

The TV architect grew up in council housing in a new town, Washington, in the north-east of England, which he said was a “very humane piece of design”.

“It wasn’t streets in the sky. It wasn’t concrete carbuncles, it wasn’t anything ugly like that. There were simple, low density houses, amazing landscaping, brand new highways,” which he said provided a “fantastic place to live”.

The King’s support for traditional building styles, and his idea of “harmony” with nature, have helped to shape his own new town schemes, including Poundbury in Dorset and Nansledan in Cornwall.

They emphasise a walkable layout, using local building materials and creating public spaces which help to support a sense of community.

Although the traditional style had been attacked by some critics as inauthentic and backwards looking.

The government said it had received more than a hundred proposed sites for new towns, each expected to have a population of 10,000 or more, as part of its drive to create 1.5 million new homes.

The final selection of locations is expected to be revealed very soon, but Ms Savic, who once worked for the King’s charities, set out the challenges and the framework for how they might be designed.

Previous waves of new towns had been “responses to overcrowding and economic imbalance in the post-war period; they offered affordable homes, green spaces and a sense of community”, she said at an event run by the King’s Foundation, a charity which promotes sustainability and protecting traditional craft and building skills.

But Ms Savic said the post-war new towns “taught us very hard lessons” about being built too much around cars, a lack of maintenance of public spaces, poor transport links, a lack of social life and insufficient jobs.

The new towns will have a “design code” for buildings to create an identity. They will be walkable, with a goal of “environmental sustainability”, and with a significant proportion of affordable housing, said the ministry official.

This will mean a “compact” design with “higher density, but not necessarily in the form of high-rise buildings, but gentle density models that we are familiar with, such as terraced housing and mansion blocks,” she said.

The purpose was to turn “housing into homes and sites into communities”, she said.

The King’s Foundation event, held at Hatfield House, heard from more planners about how other new developments had been inspired.

Robert Davis, founder of Seaside, Florida, which was used to film The Truman Show, highlighted influences that included the Regency designs of Bath, Renaissance Siena and the ideas of King Charles.

The serious social consequence of town planning was emphasised by another US speaker, Jim Brainard, mayor of Carmel, a town in Indiana, which he’d helped to re-design as it expanded.

It had been a town without any centre or public places where people might gather, he said, a problem for this “fractured republic that we have in the United States today, with so much partisanship”.

“It’s so important for people of different backgrounds, different faiths, different races, different religions, to have a place to come together, to get to know people who have different backgrounds.

“Those types of interactions have taken place in town centres forever,” he said.

The head teachers’ union has demanded action from the Department for Education (DfE) to address what it describes as the “failing” Teachers’ Pension Scheme.

The National Association of Head Teachers (NAHT) said there was a litany of problems with the scheme, which has two million members, including payment delays that have left many in financial disarray.

The union told BBC Radio 4’s Money Box it was “shocked” at the number of members contacting it for help.

The DfE said it understood the problems had caused frustration and it was continuing to work closely with the scheme to resolve the issues as soon as possible.

With members across England and Wales, the Teachers’ Pension Scheme is one of the largest retirement schemes in the UK.

Although day-to-day operations are outsourced to Capita, the DfE has overall responsibility for the scheme.

But in a letter seen by Money Box the NAHT said it had “serious concerns” about how it was being run, including significant delays for members being paid their pensions.

The letter also cited excessive waiting times for members trying to get through on the phone, poor communication from pension scheme staff, and unanswered and unresolved queries and complaints.

Describing its members as “deeply dissatisfied”, the union’s assistant general secretary James Bowen said it was clear the Teachers’ Pension Scheme was failing teachers and school leaders.

“It’s just frankly not good enough,” he said, adding that the department and the pension scheme needed to “get to grips” with the problems and accelerate resolving some of the queries.

“I think we need to see some strong leadership within the Department for Education and within the Teachers’ Pension Scheme,” he said.

“Probably the only other solution is to put some more capacity into that team so it can cope with the demand that appears, at the moment, to be overwhelming them.”

After a 40-year career in education, starting as a nursery assistant before working her way up to head teacher of a primary school, Joanne Hurst has spent the last two years meticulously planning for her retirement.

She was due a lump sum pension payment on 1 September, which she had arranged to use to pay off her mortgage on that day. She was also expecting the first of her monthly pension payments in the middle of the month.

She told Money Box on Saturday that she had received the payments – albeit nearly four weeks late.

Ms Hurst said this has had “a huge impact” on her financially, costing her in lost interest and forcing her to pull money from other places to get by.

“That’s then had an impact on my mental health and well-being because I’m worried about when will this money come through,” she told the BBC.

She said trying to get answers out of the pension scheme had compounded her stress.

“Each time I ring Teachers’ Pensions I’m given different advice, conflicting advice,” she said.

“I think it’s diabolical. I think it’s grossly unfair for people who’ve worked all their lives [and] paid into a system.

“It’s not a charity, it’s something we are owed because we have paid into it.”

The NAHT’s Mr Bowen said he believed a lot of the problems stemmed from a legal judgement in 2018, which found that younger members of government schemes were effectively discriminated against.

That judgement led to the government changing public service pension schemes, including the way pension valuations were calculated.

In March, Teachers’ Pensions – which runs the Teachers’ Pension Scheme – said it had been waiting for that government guidance, and it had taken “a long time to agree for consistency [across all public service pension schemes] and to ensure calculations don’t need to be revisited”.

Mr Bowen said: “I’ve no doubt that is a huge part of [these delays] but I don’t think it explains it all.

“I think probably there is also a shortage of capacity there as well and those two things combined are probably creating the situation we find ourselves in now.”

In a statement, the DfE said: “We understand that this has caused frustration and are continuing to work closely with Teachers’ Pensions to resolve this issue as soon as possible,” adding that people can check the TPS website for updates.

Capita apologised for the delays and said active discussions were continuing to address the increase in the number of enquiries being made to Teachers’ Pensions.