Connect with us

Sports

Sex testing in athletics a setback to science?

Published

on

Read the full article on post.

Maria Jose Martinez-Patino believes World Athletics’ new genetic testing for women at elite level is “a setback of several decades”. The Spanish former hurdler, now a professor at Vigo University, was reacting to the introduction of a mandatory one-time genetic test for athletes competing in the female category at elite level to determine eligibility.

“It takes me back to the 1950s and 1960s, when women practically had to go through a series of controls, had to undress in front of a panel of doctors,” she told DW. “I get the impression that we haven’t advanced from a scientific point of view. We’ve made practically no progress if it’s now categorically said that women with X and Y chromosomes are not women.”

In July 2025, World Athletics introduced the test, which checks for the presence of the Y chromosome, but, as of September 1, ahead of the world championships in Tokyo from September 13, it is required. The test can be conducted by a cheek swab or a blood test.

World Athletics argues that the SRY gene —  present in people with a Y chromosome, usually men — “is a reliable indicator for determining biological sex.” Martinez-Patino believes though, that determining someone’s sex is not as simple as that.

Trans issue not the point for DSD athletes

“It’s not black or white. There are more than 60 genetic mutations which I think are not all that complicated to study. Something that I’ve always said is that it should be done case by case,” she said, before adding that athletes like her, classified as having DSD (differences in sexual development), should not be thrown in to the debate over trans athletes who wish to compete under a different sex to that in to to which they were born.

“The trans issue has nothing to do with the DSD issue, they are different topics that should be addressed in different ways,” Martinez-Patino emphasized.

Fact check: Trans athlete ban — fair or not?

To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video

Sex testing in women’s sport is not new, and dates back as far as 1936. Despite this, there are questions about how the International Olympic Committee (IOC) responds to these new regulations. Some believe they are at odds with the IOC’s inclusion framework.

Martinez-Patino’s personal experience with gender verification dramatically impacted sporting policy on the matter. In 1983, she passed a gender test but two years later failed the test, which revealed an XY karyotype. She missed out on the chance to qualify for the 1988 Olympics as a result of her dismissal from the Spanish team two years earlier. 

The XY karyotype is associated with male development because the Y chromosome carries a gene called SRY (sex-determining region y). Some people with an XY karyotype become female, which was the case for Martinez-Patino. The Spaniard had developed Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS), where the body cannot respond to male hormones.

Martinez-Patino pays the price of sex testing

After failing the test, Martinez-Patino chose to fight back but it cost her. After the Spanish press disclosed her medical details, Martinez-Patino endured public exposure and emotional trauma. But she eventually won a court case in which she argued her condition meant the presence of the XY chromosomes did not equate to a male physiological advantage.

She was reinstated later in 1988 but then missed out on qualifying for the Barcelona Olympics in 1992 by 0.10 seconds. Since the end of her career, she has been working in academia as a professor and has specialized in gender policies.

Maria Jose Martínez stands in a Spain tracksuit with a running track in the background
Maria Jose Martínez competed for Spain in hurdles but was denied the chance to qualify for the 1988 OlympicsImage: Maria José Martinez Patiño (Personal Collection)

“I have to tell you that the saddest moments of my life have truly been very hard. So now it’s my turn to fight for the new generations,” she said. “No one has the power to say ‘you are a woman’ or ‘you are a man’ — only science and only genetics can do that.”

Some women competing are also a bit baffled at World Athletics insistence on protecting them in this regard. Some feel exploitation, sexual assault by coaches and equal pay are far more pressing concerns. Germany’s long-jumper Malaika Mihambo told SID that she was “very critical” of the regulations.

Money being spent on the wrong things

“Huge resources are being allocated for such a small problem, while the really pressing issues — doping, abuse and violence in sport — remain. If we are talking about integrity, then we have to take action with the same determination in those areas,” the 31-year-old said.

Martinez-Patino agrees, pointing to the case of Caster Semenya, a two-time Olympic gold medal winner who has undergone numerous battles regarding her eligibility.

“Behind the medals, the glory of a world championship an Olympic Games — does anyone think that there’s also a lot of suffering, a lot of disappointment, and a lot of sorrow? Or should we only see the beautiful part of the spectacle?

“No, we need to think that elite sports have light and dark sides, brilliant parts and parts that aren’t so great. And we can’t speak so lightly about the condition of a woman who isn’t to blame for being born with the chromosomes or genetics that nature gave her. That’s tremendously unfair.”

For now, World Athletics does not see it as unfair. And other bodies, including the IOC, must make their own decision under the new stewardship of former swimmer Kirsty Coventry. Boxer Imane Khelif, of Algeria, endured similar experiences to those of Semenya and Martinez-Patino at the 2024 Olympics, which was overseen by Coventry’s predecessor Thomas Bach, and Martinez-Patino hopes that polticial ideologies will not stand in the way of science in this regard.

“She is a woman, has been an athlete, has been a mother, and I believe she will have enough sensitivity to understand that a genetic issue must be studied through science, medicine, and scientific knowledge,” she said.” There’s no other option. I don’t want to think that political currents could get involved in medical or sports matters, even if it might seem that we’re heading that way.”

Additional reporting by Hecko Flores. Edited by Matt Pearson.

Sports

Man Utd keen on Bayern’s Kane – Thursday’s gossip

Published

on

Read the full article on post.

  • 8 minutes ago

Manchester United keen on Harry Kane, Kobbie Mainoo eyes move away from Old Trafford, and Aston Villa targeting permanent move for Jadon Sancho.

Manchester United are interested in England striker Harry Kane, 32, who could leave Bayern Munich next summer. (Star)

Tottenham boss Thomas Frank says Kane, the club’s record scorer, is “more than welcome” to return, but doesn’t expect the forward to leave his German side any time soon. (Sky Sports)

England midfielder Kobbie Mainoo, 20, is prepared to leave Manchester United in January in search of regular football. He had a loan request turned down by the club in the summer. (Mirror)

Bayern Munich are considering offering 23-year-old France winger Michael Olise a new contract after he was linked with a move to Liverpool. (Liverpool Echo)

Arsenal have made contact with Turkey forward Kenan Yildiz, 20, but Juventus, who rejected an offer from Chelsea over the summer, value him at 80-100m euros (£70-87m). (Tutto Juve via Goal)

Chelsea are planning a move for French defender Ismael Doukoure, 22, who is currently at fellow BlueCo-owned club Strasbourg, amid interest from a number of other Premier League teams. (TBR Football)

Aston Villa are eyeing a permanent move for England forward Jadon Sancho, 25, who is currently on loan at the club from Manchester United. (National World)

Related topics

Continue Reading

Sports

‘A cool scene’ – but will Bethpage’s first tee intimidate Europe?

Published

on

Read the full article on post.

The stand that bends around the back of the first tee and 18th green at Bethpage BlackBBC Sport

The first tee at the Ryder Cup has long been a focus of intense scrutiny.

For players, the nerves are tested as they hit their opening shots in front of thousands of partisan supporters.

The boisterous buzz makes it an essential part of the day for fans, who arrive in morning darkness to stake their spot, while latecomers, irked at missing out, slope off down the fairway.

The Bethpage Black offering this week is shaped by the topography of the course. It will accommodate 5,000 people, slightly more than in Rome two years ago, but certainly fewer than the 6,500 that fitted in the Paris behemoth in 2018.

And rather than the intimidatory three-sided horseshoe shape of two years ago, this vast stand “looks more London Stadium than Upton Park”, according to BBC Sport’s golf correspondent Iain Carter.

From down in the fairway, it resembles a giant draught excluder, skirting the back of the tee and adjacent 18th green.

The horseshoe element has been lost and, through that, has the advantage for the home team suffered?

“The way it’s set up, it’s a little bit further back than what we’ve had over the past few years,” Tommy Fleetwood told BBC Sport.

“But it’s still the first tee at a Ryder Cup and we’ll still come away from this week with stories of first tee nerves.

“It’s something that you’ve got to embrace. I think it’s a cool scene.”

In 2023 the first tee was a cauldron of noise and colour.

Thousands of fans crammed into stands that towered above the players, with music blaring and European fans welcoming each player on to the tee with their own unique song.

While the European players revelled in that racket, it seemed to serve up too much of a claustrophobic start to matches for the US team, who did not win the first hole in any of the opening 12 matches.

It does not feel like that level of claustrophobia will be part of this week, but the fans on the practice days have been good-naturedly engaging in the ‘phoney war’.

A chorus of pantomime boos rang out across Bethpage Black as Rory McIlroy strode on to the first tee for a practice round.

The stand was around one-quarter full, but the jeers seemed to drift aimlessly over Europe’s number one as he cheerily waved back, before heading off down the fairway, obligingly signing autographs as he went.

It was the European charm offensive in full swing.

But as Fleetwood, 34, pointed out: “No matter what you do, nothing prepares you for a Friday morning on the first tee of the Ryder Cup.”

Europe’s only rookie Rasmus Hojgaard is expecting his first tee experience to be “my most nervous moment” of the week.

American Bryson DeChambeau gave a glimpse of perhaps what might follow as he indulged the fans who wanted to see him reach the green 397 yards away, by smashing half a dozen tee shots.

There were accompanying shouts from the stands of “Rory can’t do that”.

Two-time US Open champion DeChambeau – the only member of the US team to play on the LIV Golf circuit – is the perfect showman, basking in the adulation, while demanding his followers further crank up the volume.

Not that the home support, as history has shown, necessarily needs the encouragement.

2025 Ryder Cup

26-28 September

Bethpage Black, New York

Daily live text commentary and in-play clips on BBC Sport website from 11:30 BST. Radio commentary on BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Sounds from 12:00. Daily TV highlights on iPlayer from 00:00.

How Europe have been on the charm offensive

The European players have not gone as far as wearing sponge ‘Cheeseheads’ like they did at Whistling Straits four years ago.

Nevertheless, Luke Donald’s men have been on a charm offensive in New York.

On Wednesday, the 12 visiting players took time during their practice round to sign hundreds of autographs and pose for selfies on a largely convivial morning at Bethpage.

The theory, perhaps, is that ingratiating themselves to the locals during this week’s tune-ups might soften the vitriol which comes their way over the weekend.

No doubt Europe captain Donald is not that naïve.

McIlroy heard how quickly the crowd could turn when they booed him, playfully, for not signing any autographs as he was whisked to the 17th tee by organisers. A defiant ‘U-S-A, U-S-A’ chant followed.

“We’re not going to attack the Europeans today – let’s wait for Friday, Saturday and Sunday,” Sean Mateiko, a Long Islander attending Wednesday’s practice day with his two kids, told BBC Sport.

“You respect the game – everyone was excited to see Rory. But once it comes down to the start of the tournament, he’s the enemy.”

And American player Collin Morikawa says after a “tame” start to the week he hopes “Friday is just absolute chaos” from the home fans.

“I’m all for it,” he added. “It feeds into who we are, the players and the team. We want it. We want to use that to our advantage.”

Masters champion McIlroy was in the spotlight as the crowd – mainly children but also plenty of adults – battled for his attention on the walks between greens and tees.

During the walks to the 15th and 17th tee boxes, the pre-prepared European players pulled out blue sharpies from their back pockets and scrawled away.

Oversized golf balls and replica 18th green flags – bought from the shop for $36 (£26) – were the main items of memorabilia. One middle-aged American man wore a cream dinner jacket to be desecrated as a souvenir.

“We’re the visitors,” said Donald. “Again, we’re trying to just be respectful to the crowd and just do whatever we can to be our best selves and play our best golf.

“I’m very lucky as a captain. This isn’t a team I’ve had to really try to form, but I feel like we have a bunch of really solid guys with good values.

“They’re out there to be entertaining. They’re out there to play great golf. They understand how important the fans are.”

The tone from the European team in the build-up feels carefully cultivated: keen to show a strong sense of respect towards the American fans, along with the insistence a partisan atmosphere is what the Ryder Cup is all about.

It also appears designed not to fan the flames before the weekend.

A lot of pre-tournament discussion has centred around the threat of Bethpage being a tinderbox, with President Trump’s expected appearance on Friday potentially further sparking an already-partisan crowd.

For fathers like Mateiko and his buddy Ryan Hickey, Wednesday’s practice day and the weekend’s action are separate entities as entertainment activities.

“Right now on practice day, you’re hanging out watching golf and seeing the stars do their thing. Then, come Friday it is hardcore USA – it’s game time,” added Mateiko, who will return for the real action with his pals.

“Things have ramped up since Rory said he wanted to win on US soil. I think the heckling will be 1000%, but not over the line. It will be fun – and firm but fair.”

There is a caveat, though, from a interjecting Hickey.

“But it is New York so you never know,” he warned.

Related topics

Continue Reading

Sports

‘Genetically, they’re all the same’ – How Europe are betting on continuity to pull off upset win

Published

on

This post was originally published on this site.

THERE IS NO week longer than that of the Ryder Cup, where the world’s media assemble and spend four days doing their best to simply keep on talking until the action starts.

Amid this epic quest to find a new way of saying the same thing, a presenter on the Golf Channel yesterday teed up a discussion on the continuity of Europe’s team selection by looking down the camera and saying that Luke Donald’s team are genetically the same as they were in Rome two years ago. 

That’s, er, one way of putting it. 

Eleven of Donald’s 12 players are the same, with Rasmus Hojgaard swapped in for his identical twin brother Nicolai. Beyond that, Donald has obviously remained in situ as captain, and many of his vice-captains have returned, too. This mass continuity is a deliberate European ploy to end their long winless streak away from home: their stats guru Eduardo Molinari recommended a tweak to their points system so as to better ensure a return for those who were victorious in Rome. 

The European thesis: it’s hard enough to win away from home as it is, so why further complicate things with a new captain and untested pairings? 

Their continuity has allowed them do away with these preliminary worries and focus on upsetting precedent. Theirs was the last away Ryder Cup win – Medinah 2012 – and while the US remain favourites to win this week, Europe’s familiarity has helped to narrow the gap of bookies’ expectations.

Advertisement

Where Rasmus Hojgaard is Europe’s sole Ryder Cup rookie, for instance, the US have four of them: Cameron Young, Ben Griffin, JJ Spaun, and Russell Henley. 

The European motto this week is “Excelsior”, and is stitched into each player’s bag. It is the motto of New York State and means “ever upward”, and so implies a sense of continuity.

If Donald sticks with his pairings from Rome, then Rory McIlroy will play foursomes with Tommy Fleetwood, while Shane Lowry will team up with Sepp Straka. The LIV duo of Jon Rahm and Tyrrell Hatton are a lock to play together again, while Viktor Hovland and Ludvig Aberg will likely reprise their partnership. Justin Rose was last time tasked with steering the rookie Robert MacIntyre around the course, but the Scot may have graduated to lead a pairing on his own and allow Rasmus be chivvied along by Rose. 

Alternate shot foursomes is the format in which pairings are most important, and thus where familiarity is likely to be most rewarded. On a tangible level, a pairing has to decide whose golf ball to use on each hole. The importance of familiarity with one another’s equipment is reflected in the fact that the Americans have been cramming on this aspect, with Bryson DeChambeau reportedly playing with Justin Thomas’ ball at home in the past couple of weeks. The Europeans have much of this work done already. 

Friday’s Foursomes are the event’s bellweather. Since Medinah, the winner of the first set of foursomes has gone on to win the Cup. They haven’t been remotely close: Europe took the first foresome session 3-1 en route to victory in 2014, and then swept the session 4-0 in both Paris and Rome. The US, meanwhile, have won the Cup twice since Medinah, across which they won the first foursome session 4-0 and 3-1 respectively. 

Hence Europe know their task on Friday morning: make a fast start and at least split the points on offer in the first foursomes session. To that end, they won’t be wasting the early holes getting to know one another. 

Bethpage is a monstrous course and with the rough shaved down, it favours long hitters. The good news for Europe is that, while they lose on their overall average driving compared to the Americans, in McIlroy, Rahm, Aberg and Hojgaard, they have four of the five longest hitters across either squad this week.

They’ll have the firepower to hang tough in the majority of foursome matches. 


The victorious European team of 2023. Alamy Stock Photo


Alamy Stock Photo

Though Europe’s players are broadly the same from two years ago, their form lines are not.

To start with the good news, McIlroy, Lowry, Fleetwood, MacIntyre, Rose, and Hatton are all in a better place.  Two years ago, for instance, McIlroy ranked 60th in the putting stats on the PGA Tour, whereas this year he is fifth. In 2023, Lowry was 26th in the ball-striking rankings, and now he’s fourth. 

Aberg, meanwhile, has garnered experience, though not all of it positive. Matt Fitzpatrick has sparked into form in recent months but has fallen a a long way from his peak at the halfway point of the 2021-23 Ryder Cup cycle, while a couple of years ago, Rahm and Hovland each had a claim to be the most in-form golfer in the world. While they have each shown fits of form this year, they are not at the level they were in Rome. Straka, meanwhile, has played very little golf lately having taken time off for family reasons. 

McIlroy, Rahm, and Hovland won 10.5 points between them in Rome, but it’s difficult to see a repeat haul from Europe’s big three this time around. They must hope that what they have lost with Hovland’s downturn can be salvaged by the improved form and quality of others. 

If Europe can win this week, expect this level of continuity to become part of their template for the future, and captain’s stints to be stretched to four years.

From the perspective of this yawning week of preamble, Europe have set themselves up very well for a tilt at what McIlroy calls the hardest feat in golf. 

Continue Reading

Trending