THE FLEET OF boats bringing aid across the Mediterranean to Gaza left Barcelona at the beginning of September and one of its 50 vessels is carrying legal experts who have committed to monitoring the flotilla’s progress, and its setbacks, as the activists attempt to break Israel’s blockade. 

One of the lawyers on the independent legal support boat is Irish barrister Leigh Brosnan, who said she left Dublin behind so she could do something practical in response to Israel’s genocidal war on the Palestinian territory.

Brosnan spoke to The Journal about feeling compelled to set out on the risky voyage, experiencing attacks en route, and why she’s sounding the alarm about the threat Israeli impunity poses to the international legal order.

Drones in the night 

Brosnan spoke to The Journal by phone from the Shireen Abu Akleh, the boat named after the famed Palestinian-American journalist who was killed by an Israeli sniper in 2022. 

The Dublin-based human rights lawyer described Tuesday’s nighttime drone attack on some of the flotilla’s boats, during which they dropped non-lethal explosive devices and corrosive chemicals. 

Drones dropped non-lethal explosives and corrosive chemicals on the boats under the cover of darkness. The incident was met with outrage in Ireland, where politicians called on the government to send an observer ship to shadow the flotilla. 

Italy responded by dispatching a navy frigate to assists Italian citizens and some elected representatives on board the boats. 

Brosnan said there was “no logical or legal basis” for the attack, which took place roughly 600 nautical miles from Palestine off the coast of Greece. 

Israel has not taken responsibility for the act of intimidation, nor the other attacks on the fleet while they waited to leave Tunisia, but the Israeli government has promised to prevent the boats from reaching their destination and threatened to treat the activists on board as “terrorists” who are “serving Hamas”. 

“Israel will not allow vessels to enter an active combat zone and will not allow any breach of the lawful naval blockade,” foreign ministry spokesman Oren Marmorstein said on Wednesday.

The Foreign Ministry said that the flotilla could deposit the aid its carrying so it can be distributed in Gaza. 

A report by Doctors Without Borders (MSF) published this week outlined the many ways in which Israel has hindered and blocked the entry or foo, medicine and other supplies into the Strip. 

The Hamas flotilla refuses Israel’s proposal to unload aid peacefully at the nearby Ashkelon Marina. Instead, it chooses the illegal path — sailing into a combat zone and breaching the lawful naval blockade.

This proves their true aim: serving Hamas rather than delivering aid to… pic.twitter.com/m19i9CiI8d

— Israel ישראל (@Israel) September 23, 2025

Israel already scuppered two previous attempts to break its Gaza blockade in June and July of this year. 

“There’s simply no other body or jurisdiction that would have any incentive to act in an aggressive and harmful manner to the flotilla,” Brosnan said of Israel. 

The UN’s human rights office called for an independent inquiry into the attack. 

Brosnan said that the Israeli government’s attempts to smear and misrepresent those sailing in the flotilla was “part of their semantic warfare”. 

These smears have been levelled at UN agencies and NGOs like MSF, she said, and used “as a pretext for the extrajudicial killing”. 

Attacks like the one on Tuesday night show why bringing along a group of human rights lawyers to monitor the flotilla’s voyage was a sound decision.  

Brosnan explained that while she was moved to join the fleet by the plight of people in Gaza, she is not technically sailing towards Palestine in an activist capacity. 

“It’s a together-apart ethos and function that we’re serving. So we’re accompanying the flotilla, as opposed to being activists. 

“The independent legal support boat will not be attempting to break the blockade,” she said. 

“However, we will accompany and bear witness to the flotilla as it carries out its activities.” 

Impunity and inaction 

Where governments and international organisations have failed, citizens are stepping in to do something in response to Israel’s crimes in Gaza.

“There’s been a moral collapse internationally,” she said. 

She pointed to the fact that 26,000 people applied to join the flotilla and put themselves in harm’s way.

Brosnan is keen to stress that the dangers faced by those on the fleet bears no comparison to what Palestinians are facing in Gaza, where more than 65,000 people have been killed and the vast majority of the population has been displaced. 

Still, “the risk of the risk of harm quite real” for those few hundred people out of the 26,000 who have ended up on the boats.  

For Brosnan, the prospect of joining the flotilla appealed to her at a time when the prevailing mood among those who support Palestine is one of frustration and despair. 

“I felt called to participate when I found out that there was an independent legal support boat being formed,” she said. 

“The whole international legal order is under threat due to the impunity with which Israel gets to decimate the rule of law, gets to trample upon human rights and international humanitarian law, and that distinct lack of accountability spurred me to go and be there on the water. 

She finds the apparent acceptance among many states that Israel can commit war crimes and crimes against humanity day after day “very concerning”. 

“The overwhelming sense of lack of humanity and lack of efficacy of a legal system which can uphold law and which all humans are protected within it is of great concern to me as a legal practitioner.”

But despite the relative inaction among Western states, Brosnan does see signs that opinions about Israel are changing. 

“I think that the sands are shifting. I think that people’s willingness to turn a blind eye to the ongoing impunity of Israel is weakening. 

This mounting feeling is approaching a tipping point, she believes. 

“I have faith that the international and multilateral systems we have will have more weight, or will have more of a concrete response and a sanctions-based response.”

She said the only things that will affect Israel’s actions are either economic sanctions or military intervention and peacekeeping. Treating Israel as a “pariah state” is essential, she said.

Brosnan said that while the people manning the boats in the flotilla deserve admiration, “it’s what the human response is” but that many people are simply overwhelmed by a kind of paralysis or hopelessness.

What is most important to recognise, though, is that “states are abdicating their responsibility to take the lead and to have that moral leadership and to actually take the mantle and respect the democratic mandates of their respective citizenry”. 

Despite the danger in which Brosnan has placed herself, she said her family and friends are fully behind her. 

“They know I have more fear of living in a world where a people are casually destroyed, through death and destruction, while we all stand idly by.”

RYANAIR BOSS MICHAEL O’Leary has defended the airline’s decision to switch to digital-only boarding from November, as concerns are raised about how the move will impact older people.

The airline said it will move to 100% digital boarding passes from 12 November, meaning passengers will no longer be able to download and print a physical paper boarding pass but will instead need to use the digital boarding pass generated in the Ryanair app.

Irish charity Age Action has warned that the change is “discriminatory against older people” and a form of digital exclusion, which is when services are available only to those who can use digital platforms.

The charity is calling on Ryanair to make an exception for older passengers, and allow them to continue to use printed boarding passes where needed.

‘Patronising’

Asked about the criticism, O’Leary said it is “patronising” to suggest older people will not migrate to digital boarding passes.

The 64-year-old said: “I’m old, and I travel from Ryanair on a very, very regular basis, and I use the Ryanair app, it is pretty simple, pretty easy to use.”

Camille Loftus, a spokesperson for Age Action, told The Journal that many older people don’t have smartphones and are not familiar with using apps, and will find this requirement very difficult to comply with.

She said the move will force older passengers to travel with other airlines, often at a greater cost, or prevent them from flying at all.

To travel with Ryanair, Loftus some older people may have to ask someone else for assistance, which raises safeguarding issues as they must share sensitive financial information.

“We are receiving a lot of calls from people who are very angry about this requirement, rightly recognising it as discriminatory against older people,” she said.

O’Leary said his 86-year-old mother uses the Ryanair app and claimed it was a “myth” that older people could not transition to changes in technology.

“The people who jump first on every seat sale we run are old people,” he said.

“If that’s the only way they can fly with Ryanair. They will just convert and move because that’s what they do.” 

He said “nobody would be cut off at the knees” and the airline would be “reasonably forgiving” of people showing up with paper boarding passes through Christmas and into January.

He added that the most important part about digital boarding is ensuring you have checked in online.

“The critical thing: If you’ve checked online before you get there and you lose your phone, we’ll have your name in the system.”

With additional reporting from PA.