Football fans are facing “extremely worrying trends” in safety and security at Uefa matches across Europe, supporters’ groups have told the BBC.

Next week’s Uefa Champions League fixtures include two fixtures – Napoli’s home tie with Frankfurt and Ajax’s visit to Marseille – to which away fans have been banned from travelling by local authorities.

Meanwhile, Liverpool supporters have been told they must take hours-long buses with no access to toilet facilities for their match against Galatasaray in Istanbul, and been warned that items including phone power banks, medication and women’s hygiene products will be confiscated before entry.

“We have public authorities that are giving up and saying that they can’t do their job,” said Ronan Evain, executive director of Football Supporters Europe. “It is an extremely worrying trend. There should be consequences to this, but unfortunately at the moment this is not the case.”

Uefa did not provide a response despite multiple requests from the BBC.

The practice of regional police forces banning away fans at some matches, particularly in France and Italy, has become more common in recent years.

In some cases where fans are allowed to travel, they are banned from visiting the centre of the host city – this was the case when Tottenham visited France’s Rennes in 2021.

“We understand that some fan bases can be harder to host than others, but banning away fans from traveling is not a response to any of this,” Evain added.

“It is really disappointing to see that there’s no progress in France and Italy. It’s an easy response to a complicated problem.

“Opening an away end and providing five percent of tickets to the away fans is part of Uefa’s rules, just like the size of the pitch or anything else. Travel bans are the public authorities’ way of saying saying, ‘Sorry, we are deciding not to respect that rule, and we are not capable of hosting the game properly’.

“If public authorities said something like ‘the roof is not safe, we can’t organise the game properly’, then the match would be played somewhere else.”

The Naples chief of police justified the decision to ban Frankfurt fans from travelling by citing “the high risks to public order and safety”, while Ajax said the Marseille authorities had told them that fans would not be allowed “into the city or the stadium on grounds of public safety and security”.

Meanwhile, Liverpool supporters have criticised the regimented travel conditions that police are set to enforce in Istanbul.

A spokesperson for Liverpool supporters’ union Spirit of Shankly (SOS) told the BBC it was “indefensible”.

“Being forced onto a limited fleet of buses with no toilets or accessibility, having everyday items confiscated, including phone power banks and even medical items in previous fixtures, is degrading and unsafe,” they said.

“This is not about safety, it’s about control and convenience at the expense of dignity and risk management. Where are Uefa in all of this? They should never allow supporters to be treated this way.”

Turkey is due to co-host Euro 2032 alongside Italy.

“The hosting conditions in Turkey are extremely worrying and we see no sign of progress,” Evain said. “Turkish public authorities are creating an extremely hostile environment for visiting fans.”

After the chaos at the 2022 Uefa Champions League final, an independent panel of experts commissioned by Uefa found the governing body at fault, and made a series of recommendations including one that Uefa should take more responsibility for the safe running of events in its competitions.

“Uefa can’t keep washing their hands,” the SOS spokesperson added. “They signed up to the Saint-Denis Convention, which sets out that supporters’ journeys – from city to stadium and back – must be safe, secure and welcoming.

“The time taken producing that report into the 2022 final now looks completely wasted, as those recommendations aren’t worth the paper they were written on.”

All footballers should “expect to be safe when they go out to play or train” and not be put at “avoidable risk”, the Professional Footballers’ Association said after the death of former Arsenal youth player Billy Vigar.

Vigar, 21, died on Thursday after sustaining a “significant brain injury” while playing for Chichester City at Wingate and Finchley FC last Saturday.

It is thought the injury was caused when he collided with a concrete wall, but the club have not confirmed that.

A petition calling for a ban on brick or concrete walls around football pitches has received more than 2,300 signatures.

PFA chief executive Maheta Molango said it was vital to ensure “opportunities to make grounds safer for players have not been missed” and there needed to be a formal investigation.

“All of our thoughts right now are with Billy’s family and friends, and providing whatever support we can to them,” he said.

“All footballers should expect to be safe when they go out to play or train and to not be put at unnecessary and avoidable risk by factors beyond their control.

“Whilst it is important that a proper investigation is allowed to conclude, we have to ensure that opportunities to make grounds safer for players have not been missed and that players don’t feel that serious incidents involving their safety are necessary to prompt change.”

The government and the PFA wrote to the Football Association, the Premier League, the English Football League and the National League in June 2023 calling on them to adopt a more proactive approach to player safety in this area.

That came after Bath City’s Alex Fletcher suffered a fractured skull after colliding with a concrete advertising hoardings during a match in November 2022.