Opinion
Preparing students for a world shaped by artificial intelligence | Letters
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Prof Leo McCann and Prof Simon Sweeney are right to warn that uncritical reliance on artificial intelligence risks bypassing deep learning (Letters, 16 September). But that does not mean large language models have no place in higher education. Used thoughtfully, they can enhance teaching and learning.
Graduates will enter a workforce where AI is ubiquitous. To exclude it from education is to send students out unprepared. The task is not to ignore AI, but to teach students how to use it critically.
AI can also reinforce learning. Take the example cited by McCann and Sweeney of students mischaracterising Henry Ford as a “transformational leader”. Instead of banning AI, lecturers could ask students to generate an AI response and then critique it against the 1922 text. This highlights the technology’s limitations – anachronistic terms, lack of historical context – while underlining the value of close reading and primary sources.
The real problem lies not with AI, but with outdated assessment models. If ChatGPT can easily answer a coursework question, that says as much about the weakness of the assessment as the strength of the tool. Redesigning tasks to test process as well as product can help ensure these tools develop rather than diminish critical skills.
Misuse is a genuine concern. But rejecting AI outright risks leaving students ill-equipped. Universities should lead in shaping its ethical, critical and creative use, ensuring it strengthens rather than undermines learning.
Dr Lorna Waddington
Dr Richard de Blacquière-Clarkson
University of Leeds
The claim from Prof Leo McCann and Prof Simon Sweeney that generative AI “sabotages and degrades students’ learning” risks repeating a familiar pattern in higher education: treating new technologies as threats rather than catalysts for change. When calculators arrived, many feared they would destroy numeracy; instead, curricula shifted to mathematical reasoning. Word processors raised worries about spellcheck eroding writing ability, yet pedagogy evolved to emphasise structure and clarity. Even the internet, once derided as a source of plagiarism and misinformation, ultimately pushed universities to stress information literacy and source evaluation.
AI presents real challenges, but history shows the problem is not the tool itself, but assessment practices that fail to adapt. If universities continue to reward only polished products, AI will inevitably be seen as a shortcut. What we need is a shift toward process-based evaluation. This means valuing learning journals that capture students’ decision-making, reflective essays that unpack research strategies, or oral defences where they explain how they reached a conclusion. These approaches do not bypass reflection and criticality – they make them unavoidable.
To dismiss AI as “generic” or “factually incorrect” is to overlook its pedagogical potential. Its flaws can themselves be teaching tools: comparing AI drafts with original sources sharpens critical reading, while asking students to critique or refine outputs fosters precisely the analytical and creative skills universities claim to champion.
Education has always evolved alongside technology. This moment is no different. The challenge is not to wall off AI, but to rethink our goals so that students graduate both able to use these tools and to think critically about them.
Prof Robert Stroud
Hosei University, Japan
The situation regarding university students’ use of AI in the arts and humanities may be even worse than Profs McCann and Sweeney report. In a nutshell: many students don’t attend class (attendance is typically around 30%), don’t sit any in-person exams (which vanished with Covid and haven’t returned), and have their coursework (that is, 100% of their grade) written wholly or largely by AI. Perhaps over half of all students on arts and humanities courses fit this bill. They won’t get the top grades, but a good degree (a mid-2:1) is very gettable in this way. All that their degree certificate will guarantee is that they handed over nearly £30,000.
That being so, you might wonder why we don’t cut out the middleman and just hand out degree certificates immediately after payment. And that might well be an option favoured by some university administrators, who then wouldn’t need to worry about such pesky things as having to pay their teaching staff. But for those of us who care about both the quality of higher education and the cultural role of universities, the current situation regarding AI is a disaster.
Prof Mark Jago
University of Nottingham
Opinion
High seas drama: Áine Ryan on a Tory Island ferry crossing she would rather forget
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It’s hard to believe it is 30 years since we were weather-bound on Tory Island. It was mid-August 1995 and a group of us from a less exposed island down the coast had decided to explore this outpost off Donegal. Part of the attraction was that it still boasted a monarchical regime whose king may not have worn a crown but boy could Patsy Dan Rodgers, the King of Tory, make music and talk the talk.
Of course, we had an anointed leader of our community with us too: The Priesht, who for the sake of diplomacy shall remain anonymous due to certain shenanigans on the deck of the boat on our return journey to Magheroarty.
The memory of that summer sojourn and the number of 16-hand reels and singing sessions until dawn came bouncing back during a recent rocky August voyage from Clare Island, my home for a time.
Ironically it happened to be on the same ferry, the Tormore, which was the Tory ferry in the mid-1990s but is now among the fleet of ferries servicing the Co Mayo island.
It was two days after Storm Floris swept in across the horizon and the seas were still recovering from her wrath. No surprise that the unseasonable weather had caused campers to run for shelter, day-trippers to cancel their planned voyages, islanders to batten down the hatches and boatmen to tighten their ropes and check their anchorages.
It also ensured that this long-time nervous sailor was hyper-vigilant of the trajectory of the storm as I obsessively checked all the apps from Wind Guru to Magicseaweed and, of course, our very own Met Éireann.
Two days later I was armed in rain gear and a look of terror on my face as I boarded the ferry with the tail end of Floris still blowing gusts of up to 65km/h.
As always, in rough sea conditions, I am more than happy to make a holy show of myself. So on this occasion I sat inside the door of the cabin, threw my arms over the back of the seat in front of me, bent my head, closed my eyes and started box-breathing.
The journey from Clare Island to the mainland is usually about 30 minutes but on occasions when the sea is lumpy and the wind is belligerent, the wise skippers “tack” into the wind or run from it, meaning the voyage is a little longer.
Every 10 minutes or so I rose from my crouched position and peered out the porthole to check for the welcome sight of land. The relief was short-lived when I finally saw the outline of the cliffs which frame Roonagh.
Suddenly, our craft slowed down and drew to a halt. Apparently, there was swell rolling into the little harbour and another island ferry, the Clew Bay Queen, was inside tied up to the pier. For safety, we needed to wait outside until she exited.
Lord almighty but that was a long 15 minutes as the Tormore’s engines revved and screeched and rocked and rolled under the cliffs awaiting a safe passage inside to the pier.
To make matters worse, what do you think swam across my memory but the trauma of that very rough voyage from Tory?
Unlike Clare Island, with its big hill, An Cnoc Mór, Tory is low-lying, nine miles off the coast and has little shelter from the whims of the ocean.
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Back in August 1995 when the winds suddenly blew up and word spread about the ferry being cancelled, we gave little thought to it. The craic was too good. There was another night of madness to be enjoyed.
However, when bleary-eyed and sleep-deprived the following morning we were told the Tormore would be departing for the mainland an hour later, it was a whole different story.
Ironically, it was us islanders who were the worst passengers. Being seasoned sailors, it must have been the experience of an ocean which appeared to have a very different modus operandi when attacking our northern coastline with strong winds. Certainly the other tourists who knew little about the Atlantic’s vagaries appeared more sane than our gang.
Turns out it wasn’t a very good idea for The Priesht to have indulged in a full Irish breakfast. Half way across he provided an entertaining spectacle of kneeling on the deck, vomiting into a bucket while one of our group threw a towel over his head, for modesty’s sake.
Every now and then he’d peep out from under his cowl and cause much mirth, shouting: “Well, that’s the fried egg” and “Here comes the black pudding.”
Three decades later with my stomach hovering in my throat, my sense of relief was visceral as our ferry turned into the pier and the crew tied its ropes.
Afterwards, I stood overlooking the pier and watched the Tormore bounce back out of the harbour with her new load of passengers. This sturdy craft has carried islanders and visitors along the wild west coast in all sorts of weather but for this seafarer the Beaufort scale must be in a benevolent mood with high pressure dominating and I don’t mean my heart rate.
Opinion
How to take the fight to Reform UK and the far right | Letters
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Jonathan Freedland’s analysis of the threats posed by a Reform UK government is spot-on (Trump has dragged the US to the abyss and Nigel Farage would do the same to Britain. Here’s how to stop him, 19 September). We only have to look to Trump’s America to get a pretty clear idea of what it would mean.
Freedland is also correct in his analysis of the level of support for Reform and Farage’s key policies. They do not receive anywhere near majority support: only 31% of voters support Brexit, as against 56% who want to rejoin the EU; nearly 60% want to stay in the European convention on human rights; only 31% believe migrants have undermined British culture. Yet Freedland inexplicably fails to invoke the most obvious solution to the rise of rightwing populism: reform of our voting system.
Although the most recent YouGov poll shows Reform on 28% and Labour on 20%, it also shows all “progressive” parties on at least 49% against 45% for Reform and the Conservatives combined.
Isn’t then the obvious answer to adopt a voting system that reflects voter preference? Keir Starmer has ignored the votes of Labour conference on this, and he could be forgiven, with a huge majority on roughly a third of the vote. But would Labour be so happy if the boot were on the other foot: a Reform government with 30% of the vote? Surely, the answer is a voting system that gives voters policies they actually vote for.
Barry Greatorex
Derby
My blood ran cold reading Jonathan Freedland’s piece, because his summary was so distressingly accurate. The Trump aide Stephen Miller’s remark that the Democratic party is a “domestic extremist organisation” was particularly chilling. How long before it is banned and the US becomes a truly authoritarian one-party state?
So what to do? For a start, the message should be rammed home: “Vote Farage, get Trump”, because if our current leaders are conciliatory, just imagine how supine Reform will be as the US increasingly interferes in other countries’ domestic politics.
Jennifer Rees
Cardiff
On the printed page of the Journal section, Jonathan Freedland’s call to expose the supposed popularity of far-right propaganda was placed next to your editorial on the importance of grassroots drama training. It is often working‑class actors who bring plays to the stage or screen that shift public consciousness, for example, about misogyny or the Post Office scandal.
What we need now are powerful dramas about the rise of reactionary populism and its seductive influence on so many people who do not regard themselves as – and are not – extremists (‘Go-to trope’: how the far right is exploiting violence against women and girls, 19 September).
Dr Sebastian Kraemer
London
I have sent a postcard to Nigel Farage to say that I do not need his protection.
Elizabeth Baker
Birmingham
Jonathan Freedland’s article about protecting democracy states that we all need to take action. I agree, but can he suggest how? I am happy to attend protests, but what else can I do? There is a certain feeling of individual helplessness attached to this situation.
Marilyn Adams
Bristol
Opinion
Doctors’ tribunals are in need of urgent reform | Letter
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We are gravely concerned by news that doctors found guilty of rape and sexual predation have been allowed to return to medical practice after Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service (MPTS) hearings (Report, 18 September). This raises crucial questions about the independence, processes and ethical integrity of the MPTS and its ability to protect public health and promote trust.
A fundamental conflict of interest is the MPTS’s funding, which comes indirectly from doctors’ fees, via the doctor’s regulator, the General Medical Council. The use of subjective mitigating factors, such as “character references” and “showing remorse” can also advantage doctors.
In sharp contrast to these sexual misconduct cases, doctors participating in peaceful protests over the health harms of global heating, in accordance with overwhelming scientific evidence and their GMC-defined professional responsibility to protect public health, have faced prolonged suspensions and potential removals from practice. Yet their actions neither endanger patients nor reflect on their clinical competence.
These inconsistencies are further challenged by research the GMC itself commissioned, which found that public trust in the profession was determined primarily by whether a doctor had intentionally harmed someone, rather than the legality of their action.
To keep patients safe, disciplinary processes require urgent reform. This includes separating funding and governance structures, specialist training for tribunal panels (in, for example, trauma-informed care and the climate and health emergency), objective criteria for determining sanctions, transparent reporting, and comprehensive support for complainants.
Prof Hilary Neve
GP, Plymouth
Dr Rammina Yassaie
NHS doctor and ethicist, Leeds
Annie Mitchell
Chartered psychologist, Newton Abbot, Devon
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